Penile–vaginal intercourse, or vaginal intercourse, is the primary form of penetrative sexual intercourse in human sexuality, in which an erection human penis is inserted into a vagina.
Various Sex position can be used. Following insertion, additional stimulation is often achieved through Rhythm pelvic thrusting or a gyration of the hips, among other techniques. The biological imperative is to achieve male ejaculation so that sperm can enter the female reproductive tract and fertilize the Egg cell, thus beginning the next stage in human reproduction, pregnancy.
Biological function
Sperm swim through the cervix and the uterus into the fallopian tubes of the woman. If they meet a fertilisable egg cell after or during an ovulation, or if an ovulation occurs hours or days later, one sperm can fertilize it. The resulting zygote develops into the early embryonic stages and, in the meantime, migrates from the fallopian tube into the uterus. The nidation of the embryo called blastocyst at this stage of development, with the beginning of the production of hCG marks the beginning of a pregnancy.Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece: Biologie. Spektrum-Verlag, Heidelberg/ Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8274-1352-4, page 1178–1187 Without , during a woman's menstrual cycle, there is a relatively high probability that conception will follow.
For people who do not want (another) child, contraception has made it possible to separate vaginal intercourse from its biological function of procreation.
Since there is no mating season (estrus) in humans, the partners can have penile–vaginal intercourse distributed over the menstrual cycle regardless of the time of ovulation, even when the woman is already pregnant and after the menopause.
Legal situation
Psychological aspects
In experimental studies with men and women whose hormone levels were examined, one having vaginal intercourse and the other masturbation to orgasm, it was found that in both sexes the increase in prolactin was 400% higher after vaginal intercourse than after masturbation. This is interpreted to mean that vaginal intercourse is physiologically more satisfying. In satisfying relationships, positive effects on health and well-being have been proven. One study (2012) showed a stress reduction effect for both partners in satisfying relationships, but not in unsatisfactory relationships.BKK-web TV Gesundheitsmagazin: Sex im Alter. 26 February 2010. As preliminary for the natural procreation of a new human being, for females penile–vaginal intercourse is connected with various attributes like psychological onto sacramental aspects beyond the reproductive function. Sometimes sex is also driven by motives like to degrade, to punish, or to overcome loneliness and boredom.
In 2006, the WHO reported a worldwide prevalence of between 8% and 21.1% of pain vaginal sex for women. In a U.S. study, about 30% of women and 7% of men reported pain, for most, only mild and of short duration. This study found that a large percentage of Americans do not talk about the pain with their partner. In a Swedish study of young women aged 18 to 22, as many as 47% reported pain, but they said they did not want to interrupt the sex act. Some pretended to enjoy it instead of giving the man any feedback. The most common reason was that they put the man's pleasure above their own and tended toward submissiveness during sex. Data from an online survey in the United States suggest that a proportion of men engage in sexual behaviours described as dominant and purposeful, in which they mimic behaviors seen in pornography. Unless a woman's pain has a physical cause, it is often related to impatient partner action or lack of open communication. The prevention of sexual disappointment and dyspareunia caused by the behaviour of the male partner is summarized by Betty Dodson in the following words:
Description
Preparation for vaginal coitus usually involves foreplay in the form of various combinations of , petting, manual sex, oral sex. For the woman, physical sexual arousal and clitoral erection resulting from the foreplay are the prerequisites for the reaction of the intravaginal G-spot.
The , the pelvic movements of the woman and the man, how slowly or quickly they are performed, and the lesser or greater depth have an influence on the two arousal curves. Duration can be influenced by positions, gentle or stronger movements, and by touching with the hands.Alex Comfort: The Joy of Sex 1972. The needs for movements are individually different for both women and men. For women, pelvic floor training and active movements of their pelvis during vaginal intercourse increase the chance of orgasm.
A man's arousal curve usually rises faster, while women need plenty of time. According to an investigation of 2005 the time from penile insertion to male orgasm, the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), varies between 0.55 and 44.1 minutes. Sexually experienced men use delaying techniques to give their female partner the time she needs. Most men can learn to intentionally delay their own arousal and orgasm by practicing this doing masturbation.
In a man, his glans penis is constantly enveloped by the vagina; it is continuously stimulated, making it likely that moving in and out will cause him to have an orgasm relatively soon.
In women, the glans clitoridis lies in a distance to the vaginal entrance often without physical contact.
The clitoral glans has an essential function in triggering sexual arousal and then orgasm,
For many women, the movement of the penis in the vagina causes only a limited increase in their arousal. Many women reach orgasm when both the extravaginally located parts of the clitoris and the erogenous zones inside the vagina are continuously stimulated simultaneously for long enough. Sexual arousal can increase to the point where one or both partners experience an orgasm either in succession or simultaneously. The hypothesis of two modes of female orgasm vaginal or clitoralis not tenable. Rather, it is a complex reaction in which all organ systems of the human body are involved.Volkmar Sigusch: Sexualitäten. Eine kritische Theorie in 99 Fragmenten. Frankfurt a. M., New York 2013 –
When the man is sitting upright with the woman sitting on his lap, she can rub her clitoris against his pubic bone. Lotus-Stellung: All you need to know about the sensual Kamasutra sex position. Cosmopolitan, 12. January 2021. In lateral coital position, there are also possibilities for clitoral stimulation while the penis is moving inside. In the Flanquette position, the man can give some pressure with his thigh to her mons pubis and the clitoral glans.
Another variation of vaginal sex is with who use a single or double-sided dildo.
Injury risks
The length of the stretched vagina varies from person to person. The mean value is which corresponds to the average length of the human penis. At rest, the vagina is considerably shorter. In a study from 1993, the mean value was given as 9.2 cm, in a study from 2006, only 6.27 cm with a variation of the lengths between 4.1 and 9.5 cm. If the woman is not sufficiently aroused with a deep penetration, the penis bumps against the cervix, causing pain. If the stretching capacity of the vagina is exceeded by a too large penis, pain and inflammation will result. The same problem can occur with a relatively short vagina. The remedy in both situations is to be mindful of the time for clitoral stimulation by foreplay and to avoid penetrating too deeply.Cleveland Clinic: Sexual Health: Female Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia). In: clevelandclinic.org. 11. Juni 2018. A comparative study between women who had consensual vaginal sex and victims of rape found that in consensual sex, 6.9 percent of women had genital injuries. Among women who were raped, 22.8 percent suffered genital injuries. In men, there is a risk of penile fracture if the penis is bent when erect. This is a case of medical emergency. According to studies (2017 and 2022), accidents in which the man suffers a penile fracture occur predominantly in the doggy style position, but a careless movement by the woman on top can also inflict such a serious injury on the man. One of the causes is the penis slipping out of the vagina and, during the next thrusting movement, forcefully hitting an area of the vulva under which her pubis bone and the pubic symphysis are, causing the penis to suddenly bend downwards. In the missionary position such accidents are rare. Unsuitable angles and changes of position of one or both partners can also lead to severe misalignment of the penile corpus cavernosum and thus to a penile rupture.
Partnering techniques preferred by women
- "Angling": 87.5% of women find it pleasurable to circle their pelvis or lift and lower it to control where the penis pushes or rubs and how it feels.
- "Rocking": 76% of women find it sexually arousing to have the penis constantly deep inside the vagina without any long in and out movements and to rub their clitoral glans against the base of the penis.
- "Shallowing": 84% of women enjoy and respond to "shallow" penetration, i.e., when the tip of the penis moves only in the front part of the vagina (G-spot), but not on the outside or deep inside.
- "Pairing": 69.7% of women are most likely to reach orgasm during vaginal intercourse when they or their partner stimulates their clitoris with a finger or vibrator or Hitachi Magic Wand simultaneously.
The knowledge of such techniques enables women to communicate their preferences to their partners. Pairing has been tested successfully since the 1970s by Betty Dodson in her for women suffering from anorgasmia by using a dildo to penetrate the vagina and a vibrator to place next to the clitoral glans. The other techniques were also part of her coaching for women who wished to experience orgasm during vaginal intercourse as much as their partner.
Physical conditions
An investigation by the Charité Berlin (2002) found that, for women, the partner's smell had the first effect on stimulating or inhibiting pleasure, followed by mood, personal hygiene, clitoral stimulation and safety from disease. Attractiveness and penis length played a subordinate role. Only the clitoris brings fun. In Psychology Today., 18 February 2002, at Internet Archive. Women generally respond more to olfactory perception, men more to visual system.
A variety of factors can lead to discomfort or pain (see dyspareunia).Cleveland Clinic: Sexual Health: Female Pain During Sex (Dyspareunia). In: clevelandclinic.org as of 11 June 2018. Specialists in gynaecology are responsible for treatment in women; specialists in urology and dermatology are responsible for treatment in men.
For people with physical impairments (disability), sex positions that do not cause discomfort are usually possible. In a study of patients with chronic lumbar spine pain, 81 percent complained of sexual problems, and 66 percent never talked about the issue with their physician.
See also
- Sexual and reproductive health
- Sex education
- Safe sex
Further reading
- William H. Masters, Virginia E. Johnson, Robert C. Kolodny: Heterosexuality. New York; London: HarperCollins, 1994. ISBN 978-0-7225-3027-6.
External links
|
|
